Katz Mintzberg free essay sample

It will compare, and identify the manager’s work with the human skills theory of Katz, and distinguish any relevant features detailed in Mintzberg’s management roles. Relevant material from Fayol and Taylor has also been considered, and related back to the manager’s work. Research was collected via an interview with Peter NiewandGeneral Part’s managerof a privately owned truck dealership ¬Ã‚ ¬, Isuzu. Peter Niewand has been a manager for over 20 years, and has aided in the expansion of this company, directly responsible for the establishment of three, highly successful service centres throughout Brisbane. Isuzu is a local, Australian-based organisation, and is well known within the service industry. Katz’s human skills Robert L. Katz identified three essential skills that managers require for success: technical, human, and conceptual (Robbins et al, 2006). The degree, to which these skills are used, would depend upon the management level. Top-level management place emphasis on conceptual skills, as they have to understand and develop ideas, be creative in solving problems, and have the ability to handle intellectual relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Katz Mintzberg or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lower level managers mainly concentrate on technical skills, requiring knowledge and understanding of particular skills, techniques, and tools of a particular area. Middle level managers require both conceptual and technical skills, as they need to comprehend the functions of top level, and first level managers. Solid human skills are pivotal in all levels of management, as the ability to interact effectively with people is of the upmost importance; enabling you to enjoy full participation from all involved (Robbins et al. 2006). Niewand’s management functions reflect the ideas of Katz, displaying a high, and important usage of human skills. Considerable time is spent ensuring that all team members have the capacity to communicate well, which enables the channels for important feedback, on all aspects of the business, to remain open. He argues that a manger needs his people to place their trust in him, and the way to obtain trust is to be consistent, and act with integrity. Niewand states that although his position involves many facets, with ample reports to sift through, he would never lose sight of his staff, or their needs; ensuring support and respect within their agreed roles, through the ready application of advice and assistance. Mentoring is considered a critical factor to help aid the motivation of staff, keeping them focused and enthusiastic, while obtaining a mutual respect. Mintzberg’s managerial roles Investigations by another notable researcher, Henri Mintzberg, led to the identification of ten interconnected, managerial roles, which are used during the daily functions of a manager (Robbins, et al. , 2006). Mintzberg categorised these roles into three main groups: interpersonal, informational, and decisional, and has been praised for the practicality of his approach in describing the work of a manager (Carroll Gillen, 1987). This is evident when comparing Mintzberg’s theories to the following work produced by the manager, Niewand. The Interpersonal group contained three roles: figurehead, leader, and liaison. Niewand displays a limited involvement as a figurehead, referring issues at hand to his legal department, and only taking actions as instructed. Moderate participation within a liaison role is evident, with Niewand carrying out routine meetings, updates, and informational discussions, in relation to the industry and it’s competitors. The leadership role is reflected the most in Niewand’s work, as he is consistently maintaining a mentoring presence, ensuring his staff remain focused and committed. Mintzberg described three roles within the informational group: monitor, disseminator, and spokesperson. Once again, these roles are comparable in some measure, to the work functions of Niewand. A considerable amount of time is spent being a monitor, through routine, monthly account meetings with owners, weekly manager meetings, and financial reporting on all departments; offering an abundant amount of information for processing and actioning. The role of disseminator is acted out moderately, passing information on to others, at a need to know only basis. The spokesperson role rates highly, as Niewand, and others in the company, would give information and â€Å"sell the company as a package† to everyone they come into contact with. Mintzberg allocated four roles under the decisional group: entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator. Once again, the findings from the interview with Niewand hold relevance within Mintzberg’s management roles. Entrepreneur is played out in a moderate fashion, with Niewand on the constant look out for ways of streamlining the operation, making it more efficient, and remaining effective. The need for a disturbance handler appears to be of a constant, where all managers collaborate as a group and work together, resolving issues that threaten to have an impact on the company. The role of resource allocator spends a moderate amount of time, although it is restricted directly to Niewand’s department. Negotiator role appears to be an important one, as it requires a great deal of detail and effort. Niewand’s involvement in important tenders with clients is of the upmost importance, displaying a show of unity to the customers, and trying to deliver extra services that may have been outside of the tender. As indicated by Mintzberg, the respective importance of each role, and the overall responsibility of managers, will differ according to the type of job and management level that they are working at (Carroll Gillen, 1987). Management approaches from other theorists Niewand displayed the characteristics of another famous theorist, Henri Fayol. Mintzberg, and others, have criticised the work of Fayol, stating it to be outdated, and not relevant to modern day management (Lamond, 1998). Fayol’s functions have survived the harsh criticisms, still being published and presented as sound theory, many believe these functions ‘still represent the most useful way of conceptualising the manager’s job’ (Carroll Gillen, 1937:38, as cited in Lamond, 1998). Fayol originally presented five functions, that were to cover all aspects of the work performed by managers: planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling; these have been refined down to four fundamental functions: planning, organising, leading, and controlling (Robins et al. , 2006). The planning function in Niewand’s work, involved the careful, and detailed drafting, of business plans; organising function included reviewing of resources, and setting goals for each employee; leading was established by hands on mentoring, until desired commitment was reached; and controlling was achieved through monitoring, and acting, on numerous reports and meetings. These functions appeared to be of equal, and major, importance in the structure of Niewand’s work. Frederick W. Taylor was another pioneer, who had great input into scientific management. Through first hand experience, he recognized the need for managers to initiate new systems, start designing jobs, and creating conditions, that would overcome the inferior work carried out by insecure, and self interested workers of the time (Wren, 1994). Taylor put forward a new system, which consisted of three sections: (1) observation and analysis through time study to set the rate, or standard; (2) a differential rate system of piecework; and (3) paying the performance of workers, not the positions. Detailed observations were made on how the best workers performed their work, and the time it was achieved. Using this data, a standard would be set, and then payment of wages was to reflect the quality of work performed. Niewand exhibits certain aspects of Taylor’s system by setting goals, and challenges for his employees, assisting them to achieve their full potential. His hands mentoring enables set standards to be met, and employees are then able to enjoy the appropriate rewards. In conclusion, evaluation of Niewand’s work indicates certain consistencies with Katz, Mintzberg, Fayol, and Taylor. The human skill set of Katz is being displayed, with Niewand concentrating on effective communication throughout the company, acting with integrity and consistency to gain trust, and mentoring his people closely, to achieve the personal goals of the employees, and of the organisation. Mintzberg’s managerial roles, all show varying degrees of relevance to Niewand’s work, with the decisional group displaying as the most relevant. Comparisons were also evident with Fayol, as Niewand’s work substantially consists of the four functions: planning, organising, leading, and controlling. The system approach of Taylor is also exhibited, with the continual setting of standards, and goals, for the employees to reach, and then rewarded. Evidence supports that management of today is comparable to the different management theories of the past, all are significant, and all interrelate with each other.

Sample Proposal For Senior Essay in Archaeology

Sample Proposal For Senior Essay in ArchaeologyWriting a sample proposal for a senior essay in archaeology is not difficult. As with any other profession, writing the proposal must be written in such a way that it sets out the essential points of the project. The proposal can serve as a guide to help the project team to work toward the objective. For that reason, here are some sample proposals for senior essay in archaeology.If you do not know much about archaeology, make sure to begin with a project proposal. This is an easy document to write and is a good base for the rest of the proposals. It can provide a good starting point. In addition, it is a document that is helpful to your professor and supervisor. Use it as a springboard to get the project underway.After the project is completed, set out a paper, which is, basically, a summary of the project. A project plan is usually included in a proposal. Some projects have special conditions or will have a period of review.The proposal must also contain a section that explains the funding and support for the project. There is more than one type of funding, and it will be necessary to identify this. The proposal will include a detailed description of the purpose for the project and how it will be implemented. The document will describe how the funding will be used.A short synopsis of the findings will be part of the proposal. For example, a summary of what was found might include: findings from drilling; an inventory of artifacts; findings from the examination of soil; and analyses of soil, air, and water. The project will be handled in a way that meets the goals of the project. The summary should also include information about the scientific method that was used, whether samples were taken from soil and water, the control samples, and the field efforts, if any.References will be used in the proposal. The references will be used for supporting evidence. This means that the references may be the people who actually conducted the excavation or studies that are mentioned in the outline. These references may be people who performed archaeological surveys or they may be people who worked on a previous project that was similar to the current one.The sample proposal for a senior essay in archaeology includes the following sections. The first section describes the project; the second section contains the timeline; the third section contains the details of the funding; the fourth section contains the details of the conditions that will apply to the project; the fifth section describes the field methods; the sixth section describes the evaluation of the project; the seventh section discusses the references; and the eighth section presents a summary of the project. For a senior project, it will be necessary to meet the minimum criteria set by the project team. After that, the project will proceed. In some cases, the team will conduct a final evaluation of the project.This proposal is an easy to write a nd includes some of the basic points of the project. It should not be too long, but the document should be clear and concise. Always keep the purpose of the project in mind and stick to the schedule.